
careers and jobs in industry
You are a scientist or a researcher in Switzerland or abroad and you are looking for a job outside academia. Below is some basic information about research jobs and postdoc scientists positions in industry in Switzerland.
Where?
The Swiss economy is built on high-quality work and well-trained workers. The important areas for Swiss export are micro-technology, high technology, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, banking and insurance. There is a strong emphasis on research and development. A higher percentage of people work in research and development than in other industrialized countries. Therefore, Swiss industry offers many opportunities for PhDs and highly qualified people.
Who?
- Swiss industry needs qualified people at all levels. That means that you can find a job with a Masters degree or a PhD but also with longer research experience.
- For some jobs, companies prefer young people (Masters graduates), for other jobs, highly specialised people with research experience (PhDs, postdocs).
- The chance of finding employment depends on your background: It is generally easier to get a job with a degree in science or engineering than in the humanities, and it is a plus to already have work experience.
- Note: It is not necessarily a disadvantage to be a foreigner, especially if you are an EU/EFTA citizen. Switzerland does not have sufficient highly trained people especially in science and technology, and the Swiss economy relies on foreign employees. Find more information about work permits in the section Work and Residence Permit.
- It is certainly easier to find a job if you speak the local language. However, research teams are often international and the main language spoken is therefore English.
How long?
Jobs in industry are generally unlimited in time. (If not, the time frame will be indicated in the job advertisement.)
How?
- Working conditions in industry are usually well-defined and details indicated in the contract of employment.
- Employees are generally employed 100% but part-time jobs are becoming more common. If you are employed less than 100%, then you work less; the percentage corresponds to the real attendance time and you are not expected to do overtime.
How much?
The salary depends on your exact position, your age and work experience, and on the company. As a PhD, the gross monthly wage starts at about CHF 6,000 but can be much higher. The salary must be indicated in the contract of employment. For more detailed information, see the salary section.
How to proceed?
Look for open positions in the major job portals. Also look on the webpages of companies that interest you; they sometimes have their own job portals. Apply for the jobs you are interested in. (See also how to apply in Switzerland). If you are a foreigner, the employer will take care of any visa formalities.
Links
- Hervorragender Arbeitsmarkt für PhDs (German only)
- Job board for scientists and engineers on myScience.ch
Questions?
- Our coaching for academics and researchers may help you to find a job outside university.
- Have your cover letter and CV revised.
- Use our hotline to call us if you have urgent questions!
Last job offers
- Chemist|Chemiker-in|Chimiste|Chimica|organic/inorganic/polymer/Chemiker/Chemist/chimiste/chemical engineering/biochemical/chemical/biochemie/biochimi/Electrochemistry/Elektrochemie/elektrochemisch/Catalytic/Biochemistry/biochemisch/Biochemie/galvani/Oberflächenbehandlung/atom/molecule/molecular/molécule/Biogeochemica/Organisch/chemisch/Entsalzung/oxide/Feinstaub/photometrisch/Biokemi/kemi/Toxicologist/Toxicologie/hydrogen/Chemical Science/nanotube/Metallurgie/Oxidation - 25.4
Wissenschaftliche/r Assistierende/r Mikrobiologie und Biofilme (80 - 100 %) - Educationalist/Education Scientist|Pädagog-e-in/Bildungswesen|Pédagogue/Science de l'enseignement|Pedagogia/Insegnamento|Gymnasialpädagogik/Bildungsforschung/Bildungsraum/Studienberatung/Fremdsprachendidaktik/Sprachendidaktik/Berufspädagogik/Erziehung/fachdidakti/Sonderpädagogik/didaktik/eltern/kinder/Formation au métier/Lehrperson/Bildungsfachleute/Pädagogisch/pédagogique/Bildung/Lernprozess/Erwachsenenbildung/Sozialpädagogik/lehrpsychologi/lernpsychologi/bildungswissenschaftlich/bildungswissenschaft/Masterstudiengänge/School of Education/childcare/parents/Learning Center/teaching/Heilpädagogik/Studienmöglichkeiten/Studium - 25.4
Dozent/in für Unterrichtsentwicklung (60–80 %) - Geologist/Geographer|Geolog-e-in/Geograph-in|Géologue/Géographe|Geoscienze|Geosciences/science de la terre/geographical/géographique/Geographie/Geografie/Geography/Geographisch/Geoscience/géographique/Geologie/Géologie/Geologia/geology/Geologist/geological/géologue/géologique/minéral/minerais/Rock Mechanics/Earthquake/paleontolgy/paleontolgie/Paläontologi/dinosaur/Saurierarten/saurien/Erdwissenschaften/Geoinformation/démographie/Geodetic/geodata/Landschaft/Landscape/paysage/érosion/erosion/geostructure/geotechnical/geotechnics/Terrestrial/montagne/mountain/Berge/Erdbeben/tremblements de terre/Seismic/geoscientists/geosphere/Planetary Sciences/Earth System Science/geochemistry/Meteorologie/Hydrologie/hydrology/Glaziologie/glaciolog/Atmospheric/Oceanic/meteorology/Oceanography/Mining Engineering/petroleum Engineering/Gewässer/Geophysics/Geochemie/Geobiology/géobiologie/géophysique/chronology/Geothermie/Vulkan/volcan/volcano/oceanografi/Petrologie/Petrology/Seismology/sismologie/seismic/Geodesy/Geodynamic/Klimadaten/ionosphere/Geo-informatics/Geodesy/Sediment - 24.4
Climate Product Validation Expert (VN18 32) - Architect|Architekt-in|Architecte|Architettura|Departement Architektur/Building Technologies/architecte/Architekt/Department of Architecture/Faculty of Architecture/Architekturlabor/architektonisch/Building Research/buildings/architectural/Baukunst/Hochhäuser/Theory of Architecture/Denkmalpflege/Bauforschung/Bauweise/Tragwerksentwurf/urbanisme/design d'intérieur/architecture de paysage - 24.4
Chargé-e de cours HES en systèmes de représentation / infographie en Architecture - Geologist/Geographer|Geolog-e-in/Geograph-in|Géologue/Géographe|Geoscienze|Geosciences/science de la terre/geographical/géographique/Geographie/Geografie/Geography/Geographisch/Geoscience/géographique/Geologie/Géologie/Geologia/geology/Geologist/geological/géologue/géologique/minéral/minerais/Rock Mechanics/Earthquake/paleontolgy/paleontolgie/Paläontologi/dinosaur/Saurierarten/saurien/Erdwissenschaften/Geoinformation/démographie/Geodetic/geodata/Landschaft/Landscape/paysage/érosion/erosion/geostructure/geotechnical/geotechnics/Terrestrial/montagne/mountain/Berge/Erdbeben/tremblements de terre/Seismic/geoscientists/geosphere/Planetary Sciences/Earth System Science/geochemistry/Meteorologie/Hydrologie/hydrology/Glaziologie/glaciolog/Atmospheric/Oceanic/meteorology/Oceanography/Mining Engineering/petroleum Engineering/Gewässer/Geophysics/Geochemie/Geobiology/géobiologie/géophysique/chronology/Geothermie/Vulkan/volcan/volcano/oceanografi/Petrologie/Petrology/Seismology/sismologie/seismic/Geodesy/Geodynamic/Klimadaten/ionosphere/Geo-informatics/Geodesy/Sediment - 24.4
Spezialist/in für Geoinformatik und Datenmanagement 80-100% - Food Engineer|Lebensmittelingenieur-in|Ingénieur en alimentation|Agronomia/Alimentare|Landwirtschaft/agriculture/argricol/paysannerie/paysan/nutritional/nestl[eé]/Food Sciences/Food Preparation/Agricultural/Beverage/Cereal/Ernährung/ernähren/Nahrung/Nahrungsmittel/Lebensmittel/Mahlzeit/Gemüse/agrarwissen/Agricultural science/Landwirtschaft/aliment/Génie agricole/nutrition/nutriment/nutritionist/obesity/obésité/obese/Seed Enhancement/Seeds Processing/Seed technology/syngenta/Agrartechnik/Pflanzenproduktion/Phytologie/sciences de l'agriculture/sciences de l'alimentation - 23.4
Projektleiter / Projektleiterin Revision Bodenklassifikation und -kartieranleitung (60 - 100%) - Psychologist|Psycholog-e-in|Psychologue|Psicologia|Psychologisch/Persönlichkeitspsychologie/behavioral/Gedächtnis/Gefühle/Emotional/Bewusstsein/Intuition/Subconsciousness/consciousness/mental health/Behavioral Science/Psychological Science/nevropsykologi/psykologi/sosialpsykologi/Psychologue/Psychologen/Psychologin/Psychose/psychotisch/psychotique - 23.4
Forschungsassisterende(r) in den Bereichen Psychologie und Informatik (50%-75%) - Economist|Ökonom-in|Économiste|Ing. aziendale/Ing. di produzione|system risks/Unternehmensführung/Industrial engineering/BWL/Entrepreneurship/Risk Management/Wirtschaftsinformatik/Wirtschaftswissenschaft/economie/Investition/Ökonomie/Ökonom/Oekonomie/Wirtschaft/Wirtschaftlich/political economy/Microéconomie/Microeconomics/économique/economic/Freizeit und Tourismus/Sales Manager/Management of Technology/Management School/Management Science/macroeconomics/comptabilité/Buchhaltung/accounting/production management/business management/project manager/Banking/Insurance/Bankwesen/Versicherung/Banque/Assurance/Banca/Assicurazione/coporate finance/financial/Mathematical Finance/Risk Management/Chef-fe de projet/Chef de projet/neuroeconomics/Rechnungswesen/information systems/études commerciales/systèmes d'information/économie de la santé/Management de la Santé/Logistik/logistisch/communication d'entreprise/entreprise/Customer/volkswirtschaftslehre/Betriebswirtschaftslehre/Rechnungslegung/School of Management/wettbewerbsökonomisch/ökonometrisch/ökonometrie/marketing/Advertising/School of Business/Business Statistics/Econometrics/Econometrie/socioéconomie/Leadership/Forecasting/logistics/logistik/logistique/product customisation/Konzern/Konzernverkäufe/Umsatz/Schweizer Franken/Milliarden Franken/Mio. Franken/Millionen Franken/Millionen Euro/Spenden/US-dollar/USD/Währung/Wachstum von/Verkauf/fundraising/Shareholder/Board of Directors/Dividend/growth period/portfolio/CEO/market share/Operating income/acquisition/industrie/industry/industrial/Economisch - 23.4
Post-Doktorand/in Wirtschaftspolitik mit empirischen Anwendungen (50%) - Economist|Ökonom-in|Économiste|Ing. aziendale/Ing. di produzione|system risks/Unternehmensführung/Industrial engineering/BWL/Entrepreneurship/Risk Management/Wirtschaftsinformatik/Wirtschaftswissenschaft/economie/Investition/Ökonomie/Ökonom/Oekonomie/Wirtschaft/Wirtschaftlich/political economy/Microéconomie/Microeconomics/économique/economic/Freizeit und Tourismus/Sales Manager/Management of Technology/Management School/Management Science/macroeconomics/comptabilité/Buchhaltung/accounting/production management/business management/project manager/Banking/Insurance/Bankwesen/Versicherung/Banque/Assurance/Banca/Assicurazione/coporate finance/financial/Mathematical Finance/Risk Management/Chef-fe de projet/Chef de projet/neuroeconomics/Rechnungswesen/information systems/études commerciales/systèmes d'information/économie de la santé/Management de la Santé/Logistik/logistisch/communication d'entreprise/entreprise/Customer/volkswirtschaftslehre/Betriebswirtschaftslehre/Rechnungslegung/School of Management/wettbewerbsökonomisch/ökonometrisch/ökonometrie/marketing/Advertising/School of Business/Business Statistics/Econometrics/Econometrie/socioéconomie/Leadership/Forecasting/logistics/logistik/logistique/product customisation/Konzern/Konzernverkäufe/Umsatz/Schweizer Franken/Milliarden Franken/Mio. Franken/Millionen Franken/Millionen Euro/Spenden/US-dollar/USD/Währung/Wachstum von/Verkauf/fundraising/Shareholder/Board of Directors/Dividend/growth period/portfolio/CEO/market share/Operating income/acquisition/industrie/industry/industrial/Economisch - 24.4
PhD position - Media Scientist/Political Scientist|Medienwissenschaftler-in/Politikwissenschaftler-in|Sciences des médias/Sciences politiques|Media sciences/Political sciences|Global Governance/International Studies/Political Science/science politique/politisch/politik/politique/journalism/journalisme/Journalismus/Journalistik/Publizistik/Fachjournalist/Photojournalism/Zeitungswissenschaft/medienwissenschaften/sciences des médias/sciences des medias/sciences de la communication/Nationalismus/Globalismus/Medien/federalism/Wikipedia/Sozialismus/communicationel/Kommunikator/TechnikkommunikatorInnen/Kommunikation/communicationel/Communication Studies/Electoral system/Communications Officer/Broadcast News - 24.4
Supporter/-in - Computer Scientist|Informatiker-in|Informaticien-ne|Informatica|bases de données/Master en informatique/Informaticien/informatics/Informatik/Cybernics/Informatiker/C++/perl/computer vision/computer simulations/Computer scientist/computing/computing laboratory/database/database design/Computational Neuroscience/Software Development/Software Engineer/Coding Theory/Wirtschaftsinformatik/information engineering/information theory/Quantum Information/Signal Processing/Information Technolog/IT Department/Information Technologies/Information Technology/Telecommunication/Télécommunication/Telekommunication/telekom/Visualization/C++/Java application/Computer Graphics/Computer Interaction/Information Science/Telematik/information engineering/Informationstechnologie/Mobile Phone/Systemadministrator/E-Learning/image processing/wireless communication/Rechenzentrum/Hochleistungsrechnen/Cray/Rechenleistung/Supercomputer/Teraflop/Prozessor/Speicherkapazität/harddisk/CPU/machine learning/algorithm/programming/bioinformatik/bioinformatique/bioinformatics/bioinformatician/Computer Interaction/computer-based/programmierung/Webprogrammierung/Webgestaltung/Webdesign/Web Content Management System/Informationtheorie/Kommunikationsnetze/IT-Support/Netzwerkinstallation/linux/unix/datenbank/robot/Sensor Networks/IT security/Digital CMOS/Fachinformatiker/PHP Entwickler/Java Entwickler/Installation von Betriebssystem/Installation von software/network programming/parallel programming/webmaster/web development/web design/Web service/Web Application/Object-oriented/database administration/Oracle Database/Netzwerk-Administrator/Communications Technologies/Computer Studies/Software Engineering/Fachbereich Informatik/Softwarearchitektur/Studium der Informatik/linux system/system administrator/Scientific Programmer/Programmer/Software-Qualität/Softwareentwicklung/Softwareentwickler/Software-Produkt/software architecture/langage de programmation/programmeur/imaging analysis/imaging data - 24.4
Research Programmer for the SCION clean-slate secure Internet architecture (70%) - Physicist/Material Scientist|Physiker-in/Materialwissenschaftler-in|Physicien-ne/Scientifique des matériaux|Fisica/Material Science|material sciences/Science des matériaux/Ing. dei materiali/Nanoscience/nano-science/physiker/physikerin/physicien/Physicist/Applied Physics/quantum mechanics/Materials Scientist/Materialwissenschaft/Material science/Surface Technology/Surface Science/Nano/nanoscale/atmospheric sciences/nanotechnology/Bionanotechnology/biophysics/Energy Technology/nanostructure/nanomaterial/Paper science/Nanocomposite/Atomic/Halbleiter/Halbleitern/Supraleiter/Supraleitung/Experimentalphysiker/Semiconductor/thermodynamisch/thermodynamic/thermodynamique/Hadron/quantum/Metallurgy/photonique/métrologie/champ magnétique/memory alloy/empa/Baustoffe/Mikrostruktur/electrophysiology/fusion energy/crystal/atom/molecule/microscopy/laser technology/Akustisch/Akustik/accoustique/spectroscop/composite/neutron/positron/quark/scattering/transition metal/Energy Science/Collisions/LHC/Diffraction/Ising/superconduct/condensed matter/phase transition/Magnetized/Plasma/Einstein/meteorology/Physical Oceanography/planetary/Energiequelle/Geophysics/geophysical/quantum field/Bose-Einstein/physics modelling/photon/hydrogen/cern/nanotube/Paul Scherrer Institut/photovoltaic/nuclear/nuklear/nucléaire/ITER/Röntgen/Graphit/Fullerene/String Theory/Entropy/optical imaging/Fluid Dynamics - 24.4
PhD Candidate in situ Nanospectroscopy - Medical Scientist/Pharmacologist|Arzt/Pharmakolog-e-in|Médecin/Pharmacologiste|Medicina/Farmakologia|chirurgie/Clinical/Clinique/pharmacien/Pharmacology/epidemiological/epidemiology/Pathologie/Epidemiologie/psychiatry/psychiatrie/Psychiatrisch/Endocrinology/Diabetology/médical/medical/médicament/thérapeutique/dentiste/Zahnmedizin/Zahnartz/Arzt/Oberarzt/Oberartz/Medizinische/Medizinischen/biomedical/Radiologie/Notfallmedizin/Biomedizin/biomed/biomédical/Pneumologie/surgery/dermatolog/Humanmediziner/HumanmedizinerIn/Pharma/Pharmazeutisch/Parasitologische/Dentalassistentin/dentiste/dental science/Zahnartz/disease/cardiovascular/Cellular Therapy/Respiratory/Rechtsmedizin/Hormon/gesundheitlichen/gesundheit/Epidemie/cerebellum/Gehirn/cancer/Therapie/biomedizin/maladie/Tumorpathologie/pathologie/immunohistological/klinik/uniklinik/Universitätsklinik/spital/hôpital/Krebs/cancer/tumor/Jugendpsychiatrie/psychiatrie/Medizintechnik/Implantat/chirurgisch/synthes/novartis/roche/serono/Neonatology/Nursing/vénérologie/infirmière/infirmier/médecin/chirugien/économie de la santé/Management de la Santé/Fibroblast/therapeutic/drug/drogue/drogen/Bakterien/bacteria/bactérie/Rheumatologie/Rheumatology/infarctus/ärztlich/placebo/GYNAECOLOGY/OBSTETRICS/gynécologie/Cardiac/cardiaque/cardiovascular/Gerontologie/Gérontologie/Gérontology/neurology/neurologist/neurogenic/vaccin/flu vaccine/breast cancer/health/healthcare/health care/medication/maternity/influenza/h1n1/Ergotherapie/Pediatrics/pédiatrie/Gastroenterology/Immunology/Psychiatry/Otolaryngology/Immunity/urology/gerontologi/onkologi/pädiatri/anatomi/anatomy/pancreatic/endocrine/epilepsy/nurse/nursing/histochemical/histology/Therapy/biomechanics/kinesiology/cardiopulmonary/Infectious/Disease/Anesthesiology/Ophthalmology/Orthopaedics/Radiology/Kinesiology/Midwifery/myology/myologie/Alzeihmer/Infektion/Krankheit/Verletzung/sickness/Radiologie/Radiology/cardio-metabolism/phenotyping/pathogen/Netzwerkdefekt/EEG/ECG - 24.4
Postdoctoral position in leukemia signaling & targeted therapies 100%, start from mid-2018 (or per... - Medical Scientist/Pharmacologist|Arzt/Pharmakolog-e-in|Médecin/Pharmacologiste|Medicina/Farmakologia|chirurgie/Clinical/Clinique/pharmacien/Pharmacology/epidemiological/epidemiology/Pathologie/Epidemiologie/psychiatry/psychiatrie/Psychiatrisch/Endocrinology/Diabetology/médical/medical/médicament/thérapeutique/dentiste/Zahnmedizin/Zahnartz/Arzt/Oberarzt/Oberartz/Medizinische/Medizinischen/biomedical/Radiologie/Notfallmedizin/Biomedizin/biomed/biomédical/Pneumologie/surgery/dermatolog/Humanmediziner/HumanmedizinerIn/Pharma/Pharmazeutisch/Parasitologische/Dentalassistentin/dentiste/dental science/Zahnartz/disease/cardiovascular/Cellular Therapy/Respiratory/Rechtsmedizin/Hormon/gesundheitlichen/gesundheit/Epidemie/cerebellum/Gehirn/cancer/Therapie/biomedizin/maladie/Tumorpathologie/pathologie/immunohistological/klinik/uniklinik/Universitätsklinik/spital/hôpital/Krebs/cancer/tumor/Jugendpsychiatrie/psychiatrie/Medizintechnik/Implantat/chirurgisch/synthes/novartis/roche/serono/Neonatology/Nursing/vénérologie/infirmière/infirmier/médecin/chirugien/économie de la santé/Management de la Santé/Fibroblast/therapeutic/drug/drogue/drogen/Bakterien/bacteria/bactérie/Rheumatologie/Rheumatology/infarctus/ärztlich/placebo/GYNAECOLOGY/OBSTETRICS/gynécologie/Cardiac/cardiaque/cardiovascular/Gerontologie/Gérontologie/Gérontology/neurology/neurologist/neurogenic/vaccin/flu vaccine/breast cancer/health/healthcare/health care/medication/maternity/influenza/h1n1/Ergotherapie/Pediatrics/pédiatrie/Gastroenterology/Immunology/Psychiatry/Otolaryngology/Immunity/urology/gerontologi/onkologi/pädiatri/anatomi/anatomy/pancreatic/endocrine/epilepsy/nurse/nursing/histochemical/histology/Therapy/biomechanics/kinesiology/cardiopulmonary/Infectious/Disease/Anesthesiology/Ophthalmology/Orthopaedics/Radiology/Kinesiology/Midwifery/myology/myologie/Alzeihmer/Infektion/Krankheit/Verletzung/sickness/Radiologie/Radiology/cardio-metabolism/phenotyping/pathogen/Netzwerkdefekt/EEG/ECG - 24.4
Lab technician / research assistant in leukemia signaling & targeted therapies 100%, start from mid-2018... - Designer and Arts|Designer-in und Kunst|Design et Arts|Arts and Design|History of the art/history of art/histoire de lart/kunstgeschichte/dessin dart/Kunst/arts/graphic techniques/graphisme/Visual Art/CinéClub/cinéma/kino/Filmkreis/Filmabend/Filmfestival/Film Festival/movies/movy/photographie/fotografie/musique/musik/musikalisch/Musikwissenschaftlich/Musikwissenschaft/Klavier/Popmusik/music/Konzert/concert/Malerei/aesthetics/history of the arts/performing arts/creative arts/painting/peinture/Grafik/Graphisch/Skulptur/sculpture/Gefässkeramik/Vernissage/Kulturgarage - 24.4
Assistentin / Assistent im Bereich neuere Musikgeschichte 60% - Biologist|Biolog-e-in|Biologiste|Biologia|Biology/Biologie/Biologia/biologi/biologisch/biologique/Biological Sciences/bioscience/Neuroscience/neuroscientific/Physiology/physiological/Pathology/Immunology/Immunologie/Physiologie/Pathologie/Immunologie/Physiologia/Pathologia/Immunologia/Physiologie/Pathologie/Bionanotechnology/biophysics/anatomy/Hepatology/biochemie/biochimie/biochemical/biochemischen/Ecology/botanique/botanisch/plant science/Plant Evolution/Pflanzenwelt/bioanalytical/biologiste/biochimiste/biologist/biochemist/biomedical/Biomedizin/Entwicklungsbiologie/Evolution of Life/Antikörper/Immunfluoreszenz/Mikrobiologie/Microbiology/Virologie/virology/Molekularbiologie/Molekularbiologisch/Molecularbiology/Endoplasmatisch/Zytoplasma/genetik/genetisch/Biologe/Chromosom/Protein/genetic/genetical/tiergenetics/genomic/génétique/biotech/Zoology/electrophysiolog/microbiologie/neurobio/neuroprothèse/bioingénierie/Enzym/Darwin/Bakterie/bacteria/bactérie/proteomics/Brain/synapse/synapti/nervous system/Nervensystem/Nervennetzwerk/cellules souches/stemcells/Parasitologie/Eukaryote/Zoologisch/Cerebral/Pflanzenzüchtung/Pflanzenbau/plantbreeding/molekularbiologi/Evolutionsbiologie/Zellbiochemie/Gentechnisch/DNA/bioanalyzer/paleontolgy/paleontolgie/Paläontologi/Säugetiere/Reptil/Tiergruppe/embryo/embryonal/neuroimaging/Bioengineering/bioinformatik/bioinformatique/bioinformatics/Phylogenetics/Primate/levenswetenschappen/genotyp/Biostatistics/visual system/Vision Centre/molekylärbiologi/phéromone/biomaterial/biomimetic/Bioreplication/Mikroorganism/Wildfauna/Wildtier/medical imaging/protéine/ADN/RNA/génome/Genotyping/Genotype/Kortex/cortex/neurone/Interneuron/Nervenzelle/animal/Génotype/Phénotype - 23.4
Doktorandin / Doktorand